![]() It is possible that unrealistically optimistic people will behave much less in line with the aforementioned recommendations, causing coronavirus to spread widely. This result is important for health experts who are responsible for making people comply with regulations concerning social distancing, putting masks on to stop infection, and staying at home. A recent study found a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism associated with less anxiety among study participants during this pandemic (Dolinski et al. This tendency is called optimism bias or unrealistic optimism ( Shepperd et al., 2015 ). Conclusions: The study revealed a fairly general occurrence of unrealistic optimism, which was mainly observed in men as it appeared in all three measures, but also in women in the last two measures. Unrealistic Optimism Research has found that under threatening and uncertain conditions, individuals tend to falsely reduce the perceived threat of adversities faced by them. M = 5.38 in phase 2 and 3, respectively p 0.012 for both comparisons). ![]() M (other female student) = 4.95, and M = 4.99 vs. M = 5.38 in phase one, two, and three, respectively p 0.006 for all comparison), but also in women in the last two measures (M(you) = 4.55 vs. M (other male student) = 4.63 M = 3.71 vs. Research Council (ESRC) studentship and partly by ESRC Grants RES. The phenomenon of unrealistic optimism was observed especially in men (as compared to other male participants) as it appeared in all three measures (M (you) = 3.95 vs. Harris was partly supported by an Economic and Social. Results: We showed that women estimated the chances of being infected as significantly higher (M = 4.52, SD = 2.079 t = 2.387 p = 0.018 Cohen's d = 0.393) than men (M = 3.71, SD = 2.042). The survey was conducted in three waves prior to the announcement of the first case of coronavirus (2-3 March), immediately after that announcement (5-6 March), and a few days later (9-10 March). Participants (n = 171, 67.3% of women) in a subjective way judged the risk of their coronavirus infection and the likelihood that this would happen to an average student of the same sex from their class. Methods: Survey studies were conducted to examine the level of unrealistic optimism. Drawing from three decades of research, we critically discuss how researchers define unrealistic optimism and we identify four types that reflect different. Two studies investigated the tendency of people to be unrealistically optimistic about future life events. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether in the situation of an imminent coronavirus pandemic, people would still perceive themselves as being less exposed to the disease than others. ABSTRACT Objective: The results of numerous empirical studies have showed the occurrence of so-called unrealistic optimism.
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